Project Management the Managerial Process

Project management is an important part of strategic management and a crucial part of nation building, business processes as well as non-profit work that requires utmost care from planning to delivery date. Project management is essential in getting things done.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Project Management: the Managerial Process specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Without the systematic approach of project management the accomplishment of goals may deemed too costly and impossible to complete. Project management does not only deal with setting objectives but also the clarification of what is the expected outcome and if how can it be delivered on time. Project management may evolve through time, the techniques may change but there is one thing that would remain and it is the presence of the project manager. The following outlines the key roles and responsibilities of the project manager as well as the key task s and functions that are required within the life-cycle of a project. The Project Manager Before going any further it is important to clarify the meaning of a project. This can be achieved by defining what a project is not and understand that it is not a typical workload or job that has to be performed or accomplished (Gray Larson, 2008). It has to be pointed out that a project must not be confused by work that is done on a daily basis or processes that falls into the familiarity of a routine. For instance in a factory job a system can be implemented and a supervisor simply observes if the system is working or not. A project is a process that is expected to be done once – from defining phase to handover. Leadership A project manager is not just a fancy title given to the person who is expected to manage a team. There are expected behavior qualities for a project manager. One of which is a certain level of leadership capability. In simple terms a project manager should be a g ood leader when it comes to communicating the desired outcome of the project (Lock, 2007). He or she must be a good leader in the sense that there is the capability to motivate the team members. Management Skills A project manager is different from a coach because the job requirements go beyond the capability to motivate and guide the team. The project manager must possess management skills.Advertising Looking for essay on project management? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This must become evident during the planning phase where the project manager must understand the meaning of time and budget constraints and then make the necessary plans and strategies that can deal with expected problems. On the other hand their management skills must also come into the fore when there is a need to make adjustments, especially when unforeseen problems crop up. Accountability The project manager is accountable to the financiers or to the pe ople that have invested in a particular project. They must have the ability to make the necessary reports needed to inform them as to the progress of the project and if the team are still within the budget and more importantly if they can deliver on time. Furthermore, the accountability aspect of the project manager’s job is seen at the end of the life cycle of the project when resources had to be redeployed. Life Cycle of Project There are different types of projects that can be tackled using project management principles. As a result the typical phases that can be found in project management can be modified to suit different types of needs. The most common projects that are easy to understand and familiar to those in the corporate and business world are those that are related to Information Technology. The creation of management information systems and other IT infrastructures is a familiar undertaking to many people because even small businesses and small organizations are taking steps to ensure that they become a part of globally interconnected world and to be kept abreast of developments in the digital age. Thus, it is a helpful way to fully understand the concepts pertaining to project management by having an overview of the life cycle of a project in the world of Information Technology. In this regard it is interesting to point out that the modified version includes the following steps: 1) analysis; 2) design; 3) coding; 4; test; 5; installation; and 6) maintenance (Cleland Ireland, 2007). What this does is to demonstrate that project managers should never be boxed-in into a formula when it comes to preparing and executing a project. The steps in the project can be easily modified to fit the unique requirements of the problem at hand. In the case of Information Technology the process flow requires analysis of computer hardware, software, programming languages as well as coding. However, for simplicity’s sake it is imperative that project managers must fully understand that at the core of project management lies four basic phases: 1) Defining the Project; 2) Planning; 3) Execution; and 4) Delivery.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Project Management: the Managerial Process specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Defining the Project The defining stage is important because this is the time when the project manager must determine what the project is all about. It is during this time when the project manager is informed of the specifications of a particular project as well project objectives. This is basically the time to have an overview of the project and determine if it is even feasible to take on the challenge of accomplishing what was set in the objectives. This is also the stage wherein the project manager has to form teams. This can be an elaborate process for projects that are unique and never been done before. But for project managers that are fami liar with the basic parameters of related and recurring projects that team members are all known beforehand because he or she had worked with them in previous projects. Thus, their capabilities and temperaments are known. In this way the project manager can easily see if these people can work together and if they possess the necessary skills needed to accomplish the task at hand. But for special projects with objectives and parameters never before seen and documented, the task of choosing team members may prove tricky. This is the crucial part of the cycle because choosing the wrong people to work for a certain team and project can easily derail the work and instead of accomplishing the project on time this would result in delays, added expenses and worst of all it can force the financiers to pull the plug and ask the project manager to stop all related work. Planning Once the team members are identified and their roles properly assigned the project reaches a new level. There is inc reased activity when it comes to pushing the project forward. In this stage the key players are focused in determining the scope of the project and the detailed plan on how to accomplish what they have set out to do. It is also at this stage when the various constraints are identified (Shelly et al., 2010). The most obvious constraints would be time and money but aside from these things there are issues that have to be dealt with such as policies, regulations, restrictions, permits, etc. It is also at this stage wherein the project manager has to identify the various stakeholders of the project. These are the people that would be benefit and those that would be negatively affected by the project – directly and indirectly.Advertising Looking for essay on project management? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is also a critical phase of the project’s lifecycle because there are so many factors that can shutdown a project especially when the government is involved and other legal entities are affected and yet have the power to put up hurdles and other problems delaying the progress or making it impossible to continue. Execution If this is a plot of the story then this stage is the climax. This is the apex of the activity and highest point in the life cycle of the project. Majority of the resources set aside for the project are expended at this point. If this is a bridge-building project then the equipment necessary to build the structure must be moved towards the exact spot where the project manager intends to build. At the same time the logistical requirements needed to move the materials needed must be take cared of beforehand. Finally, the structure must be built on a step-by-step process as designed in the planning phase. While the work is going on full-blast the project m anager keeps an eye on the other details of the project while at the same time maintaining a bird’s eye-view of all the components required to make a project running smoothly and efficiently. At this stage the project manager must be constantly aware of budget and time constraints. It is imperative to know if the project can be sustained until delivery date and if there is enough time to do the necessary work. This is also the stage wherein the project manager has to make adjustments if needed (Westland, 2006). The planning stage can only predict the outcome of the work flow to a certain extent and that project managers can never anticipate future problems all the time. For instance, workers can get sick or the estimated number of workers was wrong and there is a need to hire more men. These are the kind of adjustments that a project manager must competently handle. Delivery All the work done in the previous stages would amount to nothing if the project manager and his team f ail to deliver. If this is a road project for a particular town or community then it must be handed over to the authorities. If this is a management information system that was created by a third-party then it must be handed over to the corporate leaders and they in turn would hand it over to their IT personnel. In most cases the project does not end with the delivery of a product or a finished structure, the people who are going to use it must be trained to adequately handle these products or infrastructure. Thus, in some cases there is a need to train key people that can help maintain the system that is the byproduct of the project. At the same time these processes requires a great deal of paperwork as well as other legal matters that has to be attended to. Finally, the project manager and his team are also responsible for redeploying resources. In many cases the resources used for a particular project are not consumable, specifically heavy equipment that are rented or bought had to be moved to another location or redeployed for the sake of cost-efficiency purposes. Conclusion In the modern world were cost-efficiency and labor challenges characterizes the problems of industries it is of great importance to fully understand the meaning of project management. It is a way to accomplish complicated tasks with budget and time constraints. As a result it is a useful tool to accomplish things that are important with the assurance that financiers, businessmen, leaders and various stakeholders will have a firm grasp of what is going on every step of the way and be always informed of the likelihood of the projects success or failure. At the end of the day project management principles is a set of principles and systematic thinking that makes the seemingly impossible goal to be a reality. But this is easier said than done. Nevertheless, those who are sponsoring a project or financing a project can increase the chances of success if they know how to choose the correct p erson who would take on the role of project manager. References Cleland, D. R. Ireland. (2007). Project Management: Strategic Design and  Implementation. New York: McGraw-Hill. Gray, C. E. Larson. (2008). Project Management: The Managerial Process. New York: McGraw-Hill. Lock, D. (2007). Project Management. VT: Gower Publishing. Shelly, G. et al. (2010). Systems Analysis and Design. MA: Cengage Learning. Westland, J. (2006). The Project Management Life Cycle: A Complete Step-by-Step  Methodology for Planning, Executing and Closing the Project Successfully. PA: Kogan Page. This essay on Project Management: the Managerial Process was written and submitted by user Salvador Y. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Daisy Miller essays

Daisy Miller essays Upon Winterbournes return to Vevey, Switzerland, he had been resting on a park bench, conversing with a curious little boy when a beautiful young lady, Daisy Miller, approached. After a brief prattle, the two arranged a days trip to the Castle of Chillon and over the next few months planned on meeting again in Italy. Throughout the story, Winterbourne tries to descry Miss Millers personality and at the same time question her reputation as a flirtatious American girl in the late nineteenth century. Henry James famous novelette, Daisy Miller, is a timeless story depicting what results from the defiance of social customs, ignoring advice pertaining to ones reputation, and finally confronting reality. From her first tà ªtetà ªte with Winterbourne and until her last, Miss Miller defies all social customs pertinent in European society. During Winterbournes first introduction to Miss Miller, to his surprise, she accepts his extremely bold decision to travel to the Castle without knowing if he was a respectable man. Later that same evening they met once more in the garden. She asked Winterbourne to take her out for a boat ride, but after gaining permission from her mother, she decided she would rather not go if no one would put up a fuss about her doing something so irrational. Winterbourne was left alone to ponder her whims and odd form of coquetry. After their parting, both agreed to meet again in Geneva, Italy. When Winterbourne first arrived in Geneva, he received news of Miss Millers latest escapades from his very reputable aunt. During her stay in Geneva, her gentleman society was composed of half a dozen of the regular Roman fortune hunters. As an American girl, s he stayed true to her own values although she was in a foreign land. Daisy Miller was unaware of the social structure that depends on gender and class oppression and she developed a reput...

Describe history of multiculturalism and its evolution in the United Essay

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Annotated Bibliography Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Annotated Bibliography - Assignment Example The article was published in the last two years showing that it is current thus more applicable to the current situation. The article applied quantitative research methods in collecting primary data thereby making the results and conclusions drawn more relevant as they were based on a study of real college students. The research uses references that are more than 2 decades old in its theoretical model and theoretical framework chapters thereby bringing into question its reliability. This is, however, balanced out in the discussion chapter where more current research have been used extensively, such that a majority were published in the last 10 years and only two references were published in the last 22 years. The fact that the article is published in a journal lends credence to its reliability as journals have a reputation for only printing peer reviewed articles that have been subjected to extensive checks and reviews. This is a 13 page article, published in 2012, that addresses the subject of stress and strain among college students and how they cope. The article opens up by defining relevant and providing an overview of the article presentation. It then presents the thesis statement – effectiveness of coping mechanism in managing academic stress by the research subjects – and provides background information on stress among college students and how they cope. The literature review establishes that stress is common among college students, especially academic stress. The research employs a quantitative research approach with questionnaires as the data collection tool. The collected data was then used to either approve or disapprove the hypotheses. The study population was 120 college freshmen who included both males and females. The research also applied an experimental approach as it had a test group and a control group. The collected empirical data was then subjected to statistical analysis that determined trends and

Why I write Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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Analysis Of Hwa Tai Industry Bhd

Analysis Of Hwa Tai Industry Bhd Hwa Tai Industry Bhd was established in 1962 and listed one the Stock Exchange in 1992. Since, we are the first and longest biscuit manufacture industry in Malaysia and focused on to ensure produce and maintenance a best premium quality of biscuits. There are two type of brand name of biscuit which are HWA TAI , LUXURY, PALMERS and LUCIA under marketed. There are more than 50 years of the manufacturing experience that we have and have the possible ability to manage our value chain by purchase of raw material to produce the finished product. Our high quality product and creation of improvement have firmly entrenched in Malaysia and also over 50 countries around the global. Nowadays, Hwa Tai industry Bhd have offered about 100 varieties of biscuit and cake by provide the best quality. The Impending election from the government have giving more offer and benefit for the people who is under their condition will freely giving subventions to them purchase the necessary. Hwa Tai may will increase the sales during the impending election. Free trade Hwa Tai is exported about 50 country around the worlds, which government is stated free trade with other country, Hwa Tai may be threaten and benefit by them. Other industry from other country may import cheaper product to our country , people may will choosing the cheaper one, Hwa Tai sales profit may goes down while Hwa Tai can also export their product selling in other country easily to get more profit. Halal Certificated System According to Abdulaziz, 2010 says that Malaysia is made of different religions, races and cultures and this is important thing in the development of the Halal Malaysia certification. The word halal is not the sole property of Muslims but has expanded internationally with trading communities embracing it. Hwa Tai step on apply the Halal certification to respect and gain more customer not only in Malaysia and also the Muslim country. Malaysia Food Safety Act Hwa Tai have obtained the HACCP certification, a testament to its efforts in achieving the highest standards in food hygiene safety and quality. In order, customer will be more confident in purchasing Hwa Tai product. 2.1.2 Economic Inflation The inflation of the industry, the flour price if it is growing up, the profit of Hwa Tai will goes down. If the profit will not turn up, Hwa Tai may increases the price goes up, while people may not willing to purchase the product. Taxation rate Government claim that if company who is largely using technology in producing their product may reduce the tax that they need to pay. Hwa Tai Bhd can using more technology in producing their own product which is benefit in paying less taxation by saving more expenses. National Income Level The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Malaysia expanded 5.20 percent in the third quarter of 2012 over the same quarter of the previous year. National income level up and down will affect people have the ability in purchasing power, when income level go up , Hwa Tai may also increase in profit they get and vice versus. Unemployment Rate Unemployment Rate in Malaysia remained unchanged at 3.20 percent in October of 2012 from 3.20 percent in September of 2012. While unemployment problem making people dont have constantly income to purchase unnecessary confectionary like biscuit. 2.1.3 Social Health Conscious Nowadays, people may getting more caring about their healthiness issue when choosing buying the healthy product. People may concern and wanted the material production of sugar, oil and carbohydrate level in using whether will affect their healthy or not. If Hwa Tai do not make any change it may decrease the customer interest on buying their product. Hwa Tai can make the oat meal and cereal inside the biscuit to make it healthier. Organic Organic product is normally related to health, because it have the standard cover with the aspect of food product, animal welfare ,wildlife conservation, to food processing and packaging. Consumer are more interest in purchase organic product when giving the choice to them, Hwa Tai could making some improvement in changing some of their material to produce the organic biscuit. Outgoing activity People will likely to have the product which is easy to purchase when their having some activity, for example the cinema could be selling some snack to bringing it when they watching and airline can also provide the biscuit to the customer who is in long way journey. 2.1.4 Technology Transportation By using better technology can helping Hwa Tai in transporting order product from supplier be more efficiency and more accurately would easily make any mistake. It helping reduce the unnecessary cost and risk if that is making the wrong order with other supplier. Advertising Advance in using technology in advertising can create a strong brand awareness and reputation for the company. Hwa Tai may use advertise through media like TV, Radio, Magazine and more to capture peoples sight and vision. Machinery equipment By using better quality of machinery equipment it can be producing product in faster way and saving some unnecessary cost like labor cost. By using machinery equipment Hwa Tai can create a better looking packaging in order to attractive and get interest more customer to purchase our product. 2.1.4 Environment Global Warming The global warming issue looks serious day by day, people nowadays are advocate recycle. If Hwa Tai are produce the product packaging if can be recycle or easily to be corrosion people are more willing to purchase it through the environment issue. Product reuse People are more liking in demand on the left over of the packaging can be reusing again, for example the aluminum box can use to storage something. It does not harmful and destroys the peaceful of the environment. If Hwa Tai creating in new way in using better quality of packaging by educate them in reuse in new way from the product packaging will build the reputation of the company. Safety Production Way People are concern about the production is it produce the product in legal way , by discharge the waste water and gas in the legal and humane way do not harmful the environment, Hwa Tai can educate about how they produce their product in building good impression on their brand.

Commentary on Hope Essay -- Papers

Commentary on Hope Aimed at the older teenagers with sophisticated lexis, 'Hope' has been opened by presenting literary devices such as personification, phonological features and repetition, thus setting the scene whilst subtly stressing the conveyed mood and theme. The usage of the present tense rather than the past removes the linear dictation by time and restricts knowledge to situation rather than chronology. By applying a present tense to this text, I have removed the idea that the darkness has limits as it seems to be immovable, and because of this, the reader has to accept it's presence and learn how to benefit from the lighter area's. Within 'Hope', a musical lexis is applied to the text, creating more intensity and dynamic description to the text. The reader is instinctively drawn towards the phonological side of the scene rather than the visual as they are able to hear 'that horrific scream crescendo dynamically'. Furthermore, this centres the reader's thoughts on the unanswered questions they may have a...