Critique One Empirical Article Relating to Adult Education

Critique One Empirical Relating to Adult Education - Article Example Winn et al. (2006) wanted to test if two reading strategies applied to children and adolescents can also be used to improve the reading fluency of adult learners. Fluent reading is a skill in rapid and accurate reading (p.196). The researchers recognized the gap in adult education research in the context of fluent reading and believed that K-12 research can help provide teaching tools, when research on adult education strategies and practices is lacking. They hypothesized that it is important to enhance reading fluency, because this can also increase the preference for reading (p.197). They stated that non-fluent readers are less motivated, have less cognitive resource management success, and have weaker reading reinforcement; thus, it is critical to enhance reading fluency, so that comprehension skill and probability of reading among adults can also be improved (p.197). The study used three reading strategies: 1) controlled, 2) repeated reading (RR) and 3) listening while reading (LWR). The research design was an experimental design with a comparison made between pre and post-results. Their sampling included twelve (12) participants, who studied literacy skills in an adult education center. The dependent variables were words read correctly per minute and errors per minute (EPM). Researchers collected the baseline data for reading fluency using the 1996 Test of Adult Basic Education (TABE). Findings showed that RR and LWR conditions showed higher scores in WCPM than the control condition. Errors per minute were lower in RR condition than control and LWR conditions. Furthermore, WCPM scores were higher when RR and LWR conditions were used. There were also no differences in words correct per minute using the LWR and RR conditions. Within subject comparisons of WCPM across LWR, RR, and control conditions showed greater reading fluency under LWR and RR conditions. Hence, RR and LWR both enhanced reading fluency more than the control condition. 3. Implications for Education The information in this article can be used by educators to improve adult education, because it underlines the importance of testing successful teaching strategies in the adult sector, using children or adolescent educational theories and research, it provided practical measures for improving reading fluency among adult learners, and it demonstrated the need for greater research on adult education literacy skills. First, this study showed that successful adult teaching strategies can be based on children or adolescent educational theories and research, although with some modifications. For instance, the topics of the reading materials were based on the interests of the adults, since this can improve the probability of reading. Second, the study gave practical tools and strategies for enhancing reading fluency among adult learners. RR and LWR conditions already h ave step-by-step procedures that can be easily applied to adult learning settings. These steps were also simple and feasibly applied for resource-stricken and time-limited adult education programs and centers. Third, the study recognized the gap in adult education research, such as lack of reading strategy studies for adult students. This points the direction for future studies, which include identification and evaluation of existing reading fluency

The Revolution and Low Income :: Social Issues, Family Size, Poverty

This paper tells how certain factors characterize family size. Also, tells why poor people in evolving countries usually have large numbers of children. Most people are persuaded by their family values and environment. However, some people are faced with the challenged of survive. Generally, poor people have so many children due to lack of education and no resources to take care of their children. Another is revolutions for human determined family size. The rich nations are above average and middle-income nations are average; unlike, the low-income nations are below average (p.198). There are other key factors that also determine, â€Å"why poor people having larger families?† This essay will answer the following questions: 1.) Describe the factors that influence family size? 2.) Why do poor people in developing countries typically have large numbers of children? The Factors that Influence Family Size In reading Chapter 8 revolutions gave Homo sapiens an authoritative role of the outlook that humans are defined as revolutionary. The revolutions played a major part in humans coming out of confined cultures to the universal human cultures today (p.194). There are five factors that influence family size. Wright and Boorse (2011) suggested they are: 1.) Neolithic Revolution - changed the way human lived. The shift from hunting & gathering to agriculture led to permanent settlements, the establishment of social classes, and the eventual rise of civilizations (p.194). 2.) Industrial Revolution - changed the ways by how the world produced its goods. During the 17th and 18th the human population were a billion strong. This was not political, social or cultural revolution but economic (p.194-5). 3.) Medical Revolution - improved medical conditions for humans. In the late 1800 Louis Pasteur and others indicated diseases were originated from bacteria, viruses and parasites (p.196). 4.) The Green Revolution - the effective use of pesticides, and improved fertilization, irrigation, mechanization, and soil conservation techniques. This happened around World War II (p.196). 5.) The Newest Revolution - internet, computers, nanotechnology, robotics and solar technologies (p.197). Therefore, revolutions have empowered family growth due to evolvement of tools, medicines and technologies. In today society hands tools are mostly operated by batteries or electricity. Also, there are preventative measurements that keep you from contracting diseases. Besides, computers and others technologies updates everyone on what is happening in the world today. Why Poor People have Large Number of Children According to Wright and Boorse (2011) defined poor people have large number of children as a result of income and sociocultural conditions (p. The Revolution and Low Income :: Social Issues, Family Size, Poverty This paper tells how certain factors characterize family size. Also, tells why poor people in evolving countries usually have large numbers of children. Most people are persuaded by their family values and environment. However, some people are faced with the challenged of survive. Generally, poor people have so many children due to lack of education and no resources to take care of their children. Another is revolutions for human determined family size. The rich nations are above average and middle-income nations are average; unlike, the low-income nations are below average (p.198). There are other key factors that also determine, â€Å"why poor people having larger families?† This essay will answer the following questions: 1.) Describe the factors that influence family size? 2.) Why do poor people in developing countries typically have large numbers of children? The Factors that Influence Family Size In reading Chapter 8 revolutions gave Homo sapiens an authoritative role of the outlook that humans are defined as revolutionary. The revolutions played a major part in humans coming out of confined cultures to the universal human cultures today (p.194). There are five factors that influence family size. Wright and Boorse (2011) suggested they are: 1.) Neolithic Revolution - changed the way human lived. The shift from hunting & gathering to agriculture led to permanent settlements, the establishment of social classes, and the eventual rise of civilizations (p.194). 2.) Industrial Revolution - changed the ways by how the world produced its goods. During the 17th and 18th the human population were a billion strong. This was not political, social or cultural revolution but economic (p.194-5). 3.) Medical Revolution - improved medical conditions for humans. In the late 1800 Louis Pasteur and others indicated diseases were originated from bacteria, viruses and parasites (p.196). 4.) The Green Revolution - the effective use of pesticides, and improved fertilization, irrigation, mechanization, and soil conservation techniques. This happened around World War II (p.196). 5.) The Newest Revolution - internet, computers, nanotechnology, robotics and solar technologies (p.197). Therefore, revolutions have empowered family growth due to evolvement of tools, medicines and technologies. In today society hands tools are mostly operated by batteries or electricity. Also, there are preventative measurements that keep you from contracting diseases. Besides, computers and others technologies updates everyone on what is happening in the world today. Why Poor People have Large Number of Children According to Wright and Boorse (2011) defined poor people have large number of children as a result of income and sociocultural conditions (p.

Managing a police service Area Essay

Commanders managing a police service area faced with a number of challenges. Some of these include corruption, racial profiling, and poor cooperation and relationship between the police force and the local community. All this problems have been attributed among other reasons to insufficient training of law enforcement, discriminative administration, and lack of employee engagement. Therefore, managing a police service area challenges can be mitigated by ensuring a highly motivated and trained police force as well as engaging the community to enhance their appreciation of the police. Corruption has been cited as a major problem compromising the effectiveness of the police force. According to available statistical evidence, the problem of drug dealings is increasing becoming an issue of national concern in the American nation. This is despite the fact that the law enforcement has the potential to identify, mitigate or prosecute the offenders. However, the problem of corruption has been closely attributed to poor motivation to police officers as well as lack of an effective channel for getting public feedback on the conduct of police officers. Another problem facing commanders managing a police service area is poor communication and cooperation of police officers and the community. The community is evidently identified as a crucial tool for aiding in the identification and mitigation in the community. Therefore, poor relationships between local law enforcement and the community serve only to escalate crime in the community, a negation to the sole duty of the police service area commander. Indeed, such poor relationships are a major threaten to the life of officers as they are perceived by the community as enemies rather than just and fair law enforcer. The third challenge affecting commanders managing a police service area is racial profiling. Racial discrimination in the law enforcement agencies has been a major critic from the general public. The sole duty of all police officers is to ensure sustainable peace and security in the community. This means that police officers should function to investigate on suspected crime offenders based on substantial evidence rather than based on their race, nationality, and ethnicity. It is this practices which remains a major challenge for commanders to oversee the fair and just enforcement of the rule of the law. As a police manager, there are a number of actions I would take to mitigate these problems. First, I would ensure implementation policies as a way of mitigating the problem of police corruption. Such practices would include increment of payment and service allowances for the police. Other could be engaging officers in retirement benefit schemes as well as providing job security. This is because I believe that most officers engage in corruption as a way of accumulating extra earnings for their present and future needs. On the problem of poor relationship between police and community as well as racial profiling, I would ensure the introduction of a comprehensive police training scheme. Skilled and reliable police officers should high sufficient skills on public relations. Such training will also equip the officers with the necessary skills of dealing with a diverse population, a factor that could compromise racial profiling. The biggest problem causing poor relationship between the police and the community is poor communication. To eliminate this problem, I would encourage interactive sections between the police and the community members as a way of breaking the current relational gap.

Sociological Imagination Essay - 703 Words

Tierra Hodge Dr. Ngeo Boon Lin Intro to Sociology October 1, 2014 Sociological Imagination What is sociological imagination? According to C. Wright Mills sociological imagination is the ability to see how individual experiences are connected to the larger society. Sociological perspective enables one to grasp connection to history and biography. History is the background and biography is the individual’s specific experiences. C.Wright Mills came up with the idea that in order for one to understand their personal lives the need to look beyond personal experiences and look at larger political, social, and economic issues of others. â€Å"It is the capacity to range from the most impersonal and remote transformations to the most intimate†¦show more content†¦In the documentary Moore shows viewers how terrorists at a prison in Guantanamo Bay receive free government health care. From the experiences of 9/11 volunteers, I understand that the government appreciates their help towards the tragedy, but not enough to guarantee them health insurance. Another example of sociological imagination in Sicko was a woman name Adrian who had cervical cancer. Adrian was denied insurance for her treatments because health care insurance company said she was too young to be diagnosed with cervical cancer. Adrian eventually goes to Canada to receive medical treatment. Canada’s health care is affordable for their citizens. From Adrian’s treatment I understood the struggles some have to go through in order to receive certain medical treatments. The third example of sociological imagination within the documentary Sicko is that the citizens of France, Canada, and the Great Britain, etc. are expected to live longer than Americans. The average French person lives 3 years longer than an American. British people are also said to be healthier than Americans. In order for the American society to become better, we as Americans need to look at the medical treatment in other countries and see what we take for granted and maybe we could eventually be a better health insured country. Sicko was an eye opener. I actually had a talk with one of my friends that attend New Jersey City University, who majors inShow MoreRelatedSociological Imagination636 Words   |  3 Pagesproblems, family problems or an individual just may not be happy. Although, if this person uses their social imagination it may be a little easier for them to cope with their depression. Looking at their problems in a more general perspective helps them realize they are not alone and these are daily problems everyone faces. Sociologist C. Wright Mills quotes â€Å"The sociological imagination enables its possessor to understand the larger historical scene in terms of its meaning for the innerRead MoreThe Sociological Imagination And Me Essay1343 Words   |  6 PagesThe Sociological Imagination and Me Charles Wright Mills was a writer, a researcher, a teacher, a scholar and a well known sociologist. He was the author of the 1959 book, The Sociological Imagination. This book was poorly received by the sociological community at first, but it is one of the most widely read sociological texts today. The Sociological Imagination and Mills’ other works have had an immense impact on sociology, as he influenced many other scholars and the â€Å"New Left† movement of theRead MoreC. Wright Millss Sociological Imagination1301 Words   |  6 PagesThe sociological imagination, a concept coined by C. Wright Mills, is defined as, â€Å"the awareness of the relationship between personal experience and wider society.† The sociological imagination is not an innate way of thinking, therefore its inverse is commonly referred to as the ordinary way of thinking. People who think ordinarily, do not make connections between what is happening in their own milieu and what is happenin g in the larger society they live within. The memoir of Michael Patrick MacDonaldRead MoreSociological Imagination By C. Wright Mills942 Words   |  4 PagesSociological imagination according to C. Wright Mills (1959) â€Å"enables its possessor to understand the larger historical scene in terms of its meaning for the inner life and the external career of a variety of individuals† (p.5) Mills in this book of The Sociological Imagination explains how society shapes the people. Mills wants people to be able to use sociological imagination to see things in a sociology point of view, so they can know the difference between personal troubles versus personal issuesRead MoreThe Sociological Imagination By C. Wright Mills Essay1970 Words   |  8 Pagesmay not be within our control, and it takes a toll on our lives. As a person experiences something that is out of their control, it is related back to social forces; this is what the sociological imagination is. C. Wright Mills, author of â€Å"The Sociological Imagination†, explains how the sociological imagination plays a part in human development, and how certain social forces affecting the lives of those who are constantly facing hardships. He explains that the problems that we face as human beingsRead MoreThe Sociological Imagination : C. Wright Mills1822 Words   |  8 PagesC. Wright Mills defines the sociological imagination as, â€Å"what they need, and what they feel they need, is a quality of mind that will help them to use information and to develop reason in order to achieve lucid summations of what is going on in the world and of what may be happening within themselves†. Mills also says that the sociological imagination enables us to grasp history and biography and the relations between the two within society. When I read Chapter One: The Promise from C. WrightRead MoreThe Sociological Imagination : C. Wright Mills907 Words   |  4 Pageslimited to their day to day life and personal experiences that are directly related to them, they cannot see the bigger picture. They do not yet know that the sociological imagination can set them free from this trap and as C. Wright Mills said, In many ways it is a terrible lesson; in many ways a magnificent one.. The sociological imagination is truly an incredible thing. Most people go through life indeed feeling trapped by the personal troubles that plague their lives and some never even considerRead MoreThe Sociological Imagination As Described By C. Wright Mills930 Words   |  4 PagesThe sociological imagination as described by C. Wright Mills is â€Å"the ability to understand the intersection between biography and history or interplay of self and the world.† (13) Mills also describes the sociological imagination by saying, â€Å"we have come to know every individual lives, from one generation to the next, in some society; that he lives out a biography, and that he lives out within some historical sequence. By the fact of his living he contributes, however minutely, to the shaping ofRead MoreSociological Imagination Coined By Sociologist C. Wright Mills1138 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout our lives we encounter numerous personal troubles, no matter big ones or trivial ones. H owever, one may seldom relate their problems in a sociological level rather often try to ascribe the blame to their personal wrongs. In this essay I would introduce the topic of sociological imagination coined by sociologist C. Wright Mills, describing how personal matters have all sorts of interwoven relationships with social issues. It is also important to realize that there are distinctions betweenRead MoreSociological Imagination And How Events Affect A Generation s Way Of Thinking1476 Words   |  6 PagesSociological Imagination The sociological imagination is an empathetic approach to understanding an individual by examining their biography (this includes all life experiences and upbringing) as well as the historical events that took place during their lifetime. (Basirico) It was developed by C. Right Mills. Sociological imagination explores how events in history affect a generation s way of thinking. It also takes into perspective the personal biography of an individual that exploits the interworking